ʻO kēlā me kēia i loko o kahi pahu kala, 16 mau ʻāpana i kahi pahu pahu.
Ka manawa o waena o ka hoʻomaka a i ka wā pau:

Hoʻolauna i nā haʻuki waho

ʻO nā haʻuki waho kahi hui papahana e puka mai ana, e uhi ana i ka piʻi mauna, ka piʻi ʻana i ka pōhaku, ke keʻa mauna, ka huli ʻana o ka muliwai, ke ala paʻa, ka ʻimi nahele, ka ʻimi wao nahele, ka ʻimi ana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Mai ka ʻike loea, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau haʻuki he paʻakikī a hoʻokūkū hoʻi e pili ana i ka piʻi mauna.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonohonoho ka Mountaineering Sports Management Center i nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki ma waho, ma o kēia palapala e hoʻolaha a hoʻolaha i nā pono o kēia haʻuki, hōʻuluʻulu i ka ʻike, hoʻokele maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka lehulehu.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mea helu
Nui nā ʻano helu helu, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā helu helu synchronous a me nā helu asynchronous e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā pauku uʻi o nā mea hoʻoiho i loko o ka counter;e like me ke kumu o nā helu helu, ua māhele ʻia lākou i nā helu helu binary, helu helu decimal a me nā helu kumu kūʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe;Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mokuʻāina helu i ke kaʻina hana i kahi pākuʻi hoʻohui, kahi pākuʻi unuhi a i ʻole counter reversible.Eia kekahi, he mau hana ko ka counter e like me ka helu preset a me programmable.
Ma nā noi kūpono, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi flip-flop i hoʻohui ʻia e hana i kahi counter ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana hana kaapuni sequential;hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi counter-scale integrated counter e hana i kahi counter o kekahi ʻōnaehana e like me nā pono noi.I kēia manawa, inā paha he ʻano TTL a i ʻole CMOS ka pākaukau waena, paʻa loa nā ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona, a maʻalahi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana.